Immunization : Tetanus and Diphtheria (Td) Vaccine

Vaccines (or needles) are the best way to protect against some very serious infections. The National Advisory Committee on Immunization strongly recommends routine immunization. Td is a two-in-one needle. It protects people against tetanus and diphtheria. It is used in people seven years or older.

Diphtheria is a serious disease of the nose, throat and skin. It causes sore throat, fever and chills. It can be complicated by breathing problems, heart failure and nerve damage. Diphtheria kills about one out of every 10 people who get the disease. It is most often passed to others through coughing and sneezing.

Tetanus or lockjaw is a serious disease that can happen if dirt with the tetanus germ gets into a cut in the skin. Tetanus germs are found everywhere, usually in soil, dust, and manure. It does not spread from person to person. Tetanus causes cramping of the muscles in the neck, arms, leg and stomach, and painful convulsions which can be severe enough to break bones. Even with early treatment, tetanus kills two out of every 10 people who get it.

When Td vaccine is given in the recommended number of shots, it protects virtually 100 per cent of people against tetanus and over 95 per cent of people against diphtheria. Vaccination also makes these diseases milder for those who may catch them.

Most people get vaccinated against tetanus and diphtheria in early childhood. Around the 15th birthday a booster needle is given to people who were vaccinated against tetanus and diphtheria at an early age. This "booster" dose may also contain polio vaccine. Adults should get Td vaccine boosters every 10 years for continued protection.

Yes. Side effects of the Td vaccine are mild and last for only few days after getting the needle. Mild pain, swelling and redness are common at the spot where the needle was given. A few people may get a mild fever, lose their appetite or feel tired for a day or two after the needle. You should always discuss the benefits and risks of any vaccine with your doctor.

Call your doctor if any of the following symptoms develop within three days of getting the needle :

• hives;
• swelling of the face or mouth;
• trouble breathing;
• very pale colour and serious drowsiness;
• high fever (over 40 C or 104 F);
• convulsions or seizures;
• other serious problems.

The doctor may decide not to give the Td vaccine if the person has :

• a high fever or serious infection worse than a cold;
• a serious allergic reaction (anaphylaxis) to this vaccine;
• a severe allergic reaction to any component of the vaccine.

Talk to your doctor or call your local public health unit for more information.

After you receive any immunization, make sure the doctor updates your personal immunization record such as the "Yellow Card". The local health unit requires that parents provide up to date immunization information for all school children. As an adult it is valuable to know when you were last immunized in case you sustain an injury for which tetanus immunization is recommended. Keep your record in a safe place !

March 2002